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Category: Testing

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3D-AOI-FQC

What Does FQC Mean in PCB Manufacturing? Final Quality Control Process and FQC Packaging Explained

Discover what FQC (Final Quality Control) means in PCB manufacturing and why it’s the last critical step before shipping. Learn the full FQC inspection process, testing methods, and packaging standards that ensure every PCB is defect-free, protected, and ready for reliable performance.
January 29, 2026
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Relay working principle: coil energizes, armature moves, NO/NC/COM contacts change state

What Is a Relay and How Does It Work? Wiring Diagrams, DPDT Schematic, and How to Test a Relay Explained

Learn what a relay is, how it works, and how to wire & test 4/5-pin and DPDT relays. Clear diagrams, step-by-step testing, relay tester tips, and pro PCB advice.
January 23, 2026
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Eye diagram showing noise margin and jitter

How PCB Dielectric Materials Impact High-Speed Signal Integrity: Rise Time, Eye Diagrams, and Loss Explained

How PCB dielectric materials (Dk/Df) shape high-speed signal integrity: rise time, bandwidth, eye diagrams and loss — plus material choices for 10+Gbps designs.
January 13, 2026
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Annotated PCB showing test pads, JTAG/SWD header, probe keep-out zone, and tooling holes for ICT readiness

PCB Board Testing Guide: Methods, DFT Tips & Step-by-Step Process Explained

Practical PCB board testing guide—compare ICT, Flying Probe, AOI and AXI; learn DFT tips, step-by-step testing, and how to validate prototypes to reduce rework.
December 26, 2025
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SMT process flow: 8 steps from solder paste printing to rework

SMT Process Flow: Step-by-Step Guide from Printing to Rework

SMT Process Flow: Step-by-step guide covering solder paste printing, component placement, reflow soldering, inspection and rework — tips to boost yield.
December 25, 2025
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UL 94 flammability vertical burn test setup with 0.5×5 in specimen above a 0.75 in blue flame

UL 94 V-0 / V-1 / V-2 for PCBs: Flammability Test Rules & How to Pass

Clear guide to UL 94 V-0/V-1/V-2 for PCBs: flammability criteria, test steps, material choices, and a checklist to help your board pass certification.
December 16, 2025
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